NGC 253は、口径300mmかそれ以上の望遠鏡で良い観測のターゲットとなる[14]。このような望遠鏡では、まだらの円盤を持った長い楕円の銀河バルジとして観測される[14]。バルジは周りの部分よりも若干明るいが、円盤よりも拡がって見える[14]。口径400mmかそれ以上の望遠鏡では、銀河核の北西側に暗い塵の吸収帯とバルジに重なった10数個の恒星が観測できる[14]。
1 2 3 Rekola, R.; Richer, M. G.; McCall, Marshall L.; Valtonen, M. J.; Kotilainen, J. K.; Flynn, Chris(2005).“Distance to NGC 253 based on the planetary nebula luminosity function”.Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society361(1): 330-336.Bibcode:2005MNRAS.361..330R.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09166.x.
↑ Dreyer, J. L. E.(1888).“A New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars,being the Catalogue of the late Sir John F.W. Herschel, Bart., revised, corrected, and enlarged”.Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society49: 1-237.Bibcode:1888MmRAS..49....1D.
1 2 3 4 5 Burnham,Robert(1978).Burnham's Celestial Handbook; An Observers Guide to the Universe Beyond the Solar System; Volume Three, Pavo Through Vulpecula.Dover Publications, Inc..p.1736.ISBN0-486-24065-7
1 2 R. Barbon, E. Cappellaro, F. Ciatti, M. Turatto, C. T. Kowal;Cappellaro;Ciatti;Turatto;Kowal(1984).“A revised supernova catalogue”.Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Series58: 735-750.Bibcode:1984A&AS...58..735B.
↑ I. D. Karachentsev, V. E. Karachentseva, W. K. Hutchmeier, D. I. Makarov(2004).“A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies”.Astronomical Journal127(4): 2031-2068.Bibcode:2004AJ....127.2031K.doi:10.1086/382905.
↑ Karachentsev, I. D.; Kashibadze, O. G.(2006).“Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field”.Astrophysics49(1): 3-18.Bibcode:2006Ap.....49....3K.doi:10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6.
↑ I. D. Karachentsev, E. K. Grebel, M. E. Sharina, A. E. Dolphin, D. Geisler, P. Guhathakrta, P. W. Hodge, V. E. Karachentseva, A. Sarajedini, P. Seitzer(2003).“Distances to nearby galaxies in Sculptor”.Astronomy and Astrophysics404(1): 93-111.arXiv:astro-ph/0302045.Bibcode:2003A&A...404...93K.doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030170.
1 2 3 4 5 Kepple,George Robert;Glen W. Sanner(1998).The Night Sky Observer's Guide, Volume 2.Willmann-Bell, Inc..pp.365, 371.ISBN0-943396-60-3