↑ For the date cf. Joseph Duhr, “Le concile de Ravenne in 898: la réhabilitation du pape Formose,” Recherches de science religieuse 22 (1932), p. 541 note 1
↑ The council acta do not survive, but the proceedings are described by Hincmar,Annales, entry for 878, ed. in Monumenta Germaniae Historica Scriptores vol. I, p. 507
↑ Auxilius,Auxilius, In defensionem sacrae ordinationis papae Formosi, I.4, ed. Dümmler, Auxilius und Vulgarius (Leipzig, 1866), p. 64
↑ Hubert Mordek and Gerhard Schmitz, "Papst Johannes VIII. und das Konzil von Troyes," in Geschichtsschreibung und Geistiges Leben im Mittelalter: Festschrift für Heinz Löwe zum 65. Geburtstag, ed. Karl Hauck and Hubert Mordeck (Cologne, 1978), p. 212 n 22.
↑ Dümmler, Auxilius und Vulgarius, p. 6 nn. 5 and 6
1 2 Liutprand, Antapodosis, I.30, ed. in Corpus Christianorum: Continuatio Medievalis, vol 156, p. 23, lines 639-43
↑ Council of Ravenna in 898, acta edited by J.D. Mansi,Sacrorum conciliorum, nova, et amplissima collectio, vol. 18, col. 221
↑ Williams, George L. 2004. Papal Genealogy: The Families and Descendants of the Popes. McFarland & Company. ISBN0-7864-2071-5. p. 10.
↑ Cf., for example, Duchesne, Les premiers temps de l’état pontifical (Paris, 1904), p. 301; and the detailed account in the old Catholic EncyclopediaPope Formosus
1 2 Joseph Duhr, “La concile de Ravenne in 898: la réhabilitation du pape Formose,” Recherches de science religieuse 22 (1932), p. 546
↑ “Quo constituto...formosum e sepulcro extrahere atque in sedem Romani...collocare praecepit. Cui et ait: ‘Cum Portuensis esses episcopus, cur ambitionis spiritu Romanam universalem usurpasti sedem?” Liutprand, Antapodosis, I.30 (CCCM 156, p. 23, ll. 639-43). Liutprand of Cremona’s is perhaps the most convenient account of synod, though many additional details are furnished by the pro-Formosan Auxilius. Cf. Dümmler’s edition, Auxilius und Vulgarius (Leipzig, 1866), chs. IV (p. 63ff) and X (p. 70ff) especially.
Cummins, Joseph. 2006. History's great untold stories. pp.10–19.
Girolamo Arnaldi, “Papa Formoso e gli imperatori della casa di Spoleto,” Annali della facoltà di lettere e filosofia di Napoli 1 (1951), discusses the political circumstances of the synod, and argues that Stephen VI may have convened it at the impetus of Guido IV.
Robert Browning's lengthy poem, The Ring and the Book, devotes 134 lines to the Cadaver Synod, in the chapter called The Pope.
Joseph Duhr, “La concile de Ravenne in 898: la réhabilitation du pape Formose,” Recherches de science religieuse 22 (1932), pp.541ff, discusses Ravenna council acta of 898, an important source and political circumstances; argues Lambert could not have been its architect
Ernst Ludwig Dümmler, Auxilius und Vulgarius (Leipzig, 1866), edits the works of two tenth-century Italian clerics who provide important evidence for the Synod, its circumstances and aftermath. Also includes an important historical discussion of the synod in his introduction.
Peter Llewellyn, Rome in the Dark Ages (London, 1970), narrates the history of Rome at the end of the ninth and the beginning of the tenth centuries. Llewellyn discusses both Formosus and the Cadaver Synod.
Démètre Pop, La défense du pape Formose (Paris, 1933), analyzes posthumous defense of Formosus put forth by Auxilius and Vulgarius